what is diabetes ?

 

Diabetes test

1. what is diabetes ?

14 November is celebrated as world Diabetes day, to spread awareness among the people and society. what is diabetes ?It is a  disease in which our pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin,  or, the pancreas produces enough insulin but our body is not able to utilise that insulin effectively. this is diabetes what actually means.

 What is insulin? 

Insulin is a hormone produced by the Beta cells of the pancreas that regulates or maintains blood glucose levels in our body. It is also called hyperglycemic. 

In biology hyper means - raise or more And glycemic means - glucose or sugar  . Therefore it is defined as the " Raised glucose or sugar level in the blood ". Glucose is needed for energy production. It can occur at any stage of life. Even nowadays,3- 4 years of children are also diabetic. It is a chronic disease. 

Normal Sugar levels in different ages of life :- 

 1 . Fasting blood glucose level :- 70 -100 mg/ dL  

2. Children ( below 6 years) :- 100- 180 mg/dL 

3. Children ( between 6 -12 years) : - 90 -180 mg/dL  

4. Children ( between 13- 19 years) :- 90 -130 mg/dL 

5. Adults :- 90 - 130 mg/dL 

2. Why does diabetes happen?

1.  Tiredness

 2. Blurred vision may occur 

3. Feeling more thirsty

 4. Weight loss 

5. It needs to urinate more, especially at night. 

 6 .Depression

 7 . Hypertension. 

Diagnosis:-  Glucometer .It can be determined by the blood test. Due to the advancement in technology or medical science,we can diagnose this at home, with the help of Glucometer. It is a device which counts the glucose level in the blood.

 3. Treatment :-

 1 . Healthy lifestyle 

 2. Physical activities 

3 . Green leafy vegetables. 

4 . Fruits  (but the amount should be on the recommendation of doctors, because sugar and glucose is present in fruits)  

5. Red meat should be avoided ( can be taken occasionally, on the doctor's advice)

 6. Bye to junk and processed foods . 

7. Avoid carbohydrates foods

 8. Avoid tobacco and Alcohol 

9. Avoid saturated fat foods .

4. Types of diabetes. 

Type 1 diabetes:-

Known as a  juvenile or children's diabetes. Children are insulin dependent, given from outside. They are deficient in insulin production and require daily ministration of insulin. The symptoms can occur at any time or any stage of life, or in other words suddenly.

 Type 2 diabetes:-

The body stops using insulin properly, which leads to high blood sugar. Type 2 is preventable. Early diagnosis is required for this. Regular check - up is necessary to prevent the worst effect of it.Appearance of Symptoms can take several years, because it is mild. Symptoms are similar to type 1.

Gestational diabetes

  Gestational diabetes:-

As the name says, it occurs at a gestational period or during pregnancy. It increases risks and complications at delivery. Their children are also at increased risk of future type 2 diabetes. Therefore, prenatal screening is done with woman.

Diabetes leads to :-

One of the major reasons of Frequently increasing in the number of diabetes is genes in family history .

 1. It leads to thinning of the blood vessels

 2. Thinning of the arteries wall that leads to heart attack

  3. It can  damage our nerves, especially in the limbs or legs region which leads to amputations ( cut or remove the leg). Due to nerve damage in legs, feel numbness  , tingling  or burning sensation in the legs)

  4. It can damage our kidney which leads to kidney failure because small glomeruli (nephrons) are damaged

5. Foot damage

 6. Can damage the eyes vessels which leads to blurred vision

 7. Depression

 8. Hearing impairment because it also damaged the nerves connected to the brain

 9. Skin problem (high diabetic patients have wounds on their bodies. If we treat the wound then another wound appears)

  10. Bacterial and fungal infections

Precautions :-

1. Insulin injections are given to the patients 2. Medicines like Metformin, Sulfonylureas  , sodium- glucose co-transporters type 2   Inhibitors. 3. Bitter gourd (karela) is a very good choice for diabetic people. It can be taken in the form of juice or bhujiya or can be consumed as sabji. 

Bitter guard

Karela ka bhujiya: 

we can prepare this bhujiya without a single drop of oil.

1. Wash karela from water.

2. Cut it into thin slices.

 3. Use iron tava

4. Let it become hot, put these karela slices on tava . 

5. Cook it on low flame. Sprinkle some salt after the karela becomes dry.

 6. The karela becomes crispy and has no oil and a very small amount of salt in it. Bottle gourd vegetables are also very good

Some risk factors of diabetes are:-

1. Family history of diabetes. 

2. Environmental conditions.

 3. Hypertension

 4. Bad lifestyle

 5. Ethnicity (although not clear) that why certain people including Black, Hispanic, American Indian and Asian Americans people are at higher risk.

 6. Overweight etc. 

Infant diabetes

Some data about diabetes  ( WHO)   :-

 1. Approximately 6 % of the population ( more than 420 millions of people live with either Type 1  or  Type 2  Diabetes.

 2. Diabetes prevalence is predicted to increase more in low and middle income countries ( LMICs) .

 3. 3% increase in the age standardized mortality rate from diabetes between 2019-20.

4. In lower middle income countries, the mortality rate due to diabetes increased by 13 .

 5. Approximately 9 millions of people globally live with Type 1 diabetes, hence required insulin.

 6. About 60 millions of people live with Type 2 Diabetes.

 7. The number of people with diabetes rose from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. Prevalence has been rising more in low and middle income countries than in high income countries. 

8. In 2019 diabetes and kidney disease caused an estimated 2 million deaths.