what is the main cause of gangrene?

what is the main cause of gangerene ?

Amputated leg

THIS DISEASE is simply the death of the tissues.  Or, Gangrene is the damage of the tissues in the body. Therefore main cause of  gangerene :-

Due to the reduced blood supply in the body tissues leads to necrosis, and necrosis leads to gangrene.

 Example - Diabetic patients are more infected from this disease.

what are the warning signs of gangrene?Gangrene can occur mostly at the digital areas or in other words gangrene can occur at the protruded parts. Example- at the lower limbs or legs, foot, hands, and even gangrene can occur in genital areas  ( Fournier's gangrene) also. 

HOW GANGRENE HAPPENS?

 this disease  is an ischemic and necrotic condition. It is identified as black Sluoghing of the tissues or black colour of the skin tissues. 

TYPES OF GANGRENE 

( some data taken from NIH) There are 3 types of this disease:-

1. DRY Gangrene

Dry gangrene is a dehydrated Ischemic tissue caused by arterial occlusion . It occurs through a progression of peripheral artery disease . A person who has a problem with atherosclerosis is more prone to dry or Ischemic gangrene. Here the peripheral atherosclerosis overlaps with coronary artery disease. The appearance becomes mummified tissues. Here bacteria is not able to survive because of the dry conditions. Or in other words the condition is aseptic means free from bacteria and pathogens.

 Example :- persons having Diabetes, Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia and habit of smoking etc, can affect this disease. 

SYMPTOMS  of DISEASE

1 . Numbness in skin

2 . Fever

3 . Feeling unwell

4 . Swelling

5 . Pain

6. Shriveled skin

7 . Skin color changes from blue to black. 

SITE

Commonly limbs

MICROSCOPY

Shrunken, dry organ, black

PUTREFACTION / rotting / decay 

Limited due to very little blood supply

MECHANISM

Arterial occlusion

PROGNOSIS / speed of infections

Generally better due to little septicaemia

LINE OF DEMARCATION

Present at the junction between healthy and gangrenous parts

BACTERIA

Bacteria fail to survive

 2  . WET GANGRENE

 (some data taken from NIH)Wet gangrene may be dry. In this gangrene edema and Erythema may occurs. Here bacteria and pathogens survive. In this desease blood flow is poor in artery and venous. It is mostly seen in lower feet, and can also be seen in genitourinary areas. Diabetic persons are more prone to these Infections, because of the poor wound healing capacity. 

symptoum  of this desease

1 . Swelling

2 . Pain

3 . Pus discharge from affected areas

4 . Blisters

5 . Skin color changes from Red, blue, black , purple or greenish

6 . Fever

7  . Pain

8 . Foul smells

9 . A line will appears on the skin which distinguish a healthy skin and affected skin. 

10 . Skin becomes shiny or thin.

 SITE

More common in bowel

MICROSCOPIC Affected parts are moist, soft, swelling, dark color, rotten, smell

PUTREFACTION

Marked due to congestion of organ with blood

MECHANISM

Venous obstruction

PROGNOSIS

Generally poor due to profound to Xenia 

LINE OF DEMARCATION

No clear cut line

BACTERIA

Numerous no in present

( some data taken from NIH)

3.  GAS GANGERENE 

Clostridium perfringen  acteria is generally responsible for gas gangrene. Clostridium perfringens also results in clostridium myonecrosis. Other clostridium species like  Clostridium septicum may also found. This organisms cause serious illness because it produces Exotoxins  in the subcutaneous tissues. As the gas form or spread , similarly infection will spread.  In the infections microorganisms like Escherichia coli, Streptococcus , Bacteroides, Staphylococcus etc, will grows.

Sad person

 SYMPTOMS  OF THIS DESEASE

1 . Shortness of breathing rate

2 . Body temperature changes

3 . Low blood pressure

4 . Fast heartbeat

5 . Restlessly

SITE

Commonly limbs

MICROSCOPY

Red organ, cold, numb, pale, shriveled up and auto - amputations ( organs cut down)

 PUTREFACTION

Marked due to bacteria and Infiltration of gases produced by them in tissues

MECHANISM

Gases produced by bacteria Clostridium

PROGNOSIS

Generally poor due to quick spread to the surrounding tissues.

 LINE OF DEMARCATION

No clear line

BACTERIA

Major causeother types of this desease

FOURNIER'S GANGRENE

It is a very rare type of gangrene. It occurs in the both male and female genital area. It starts from blisters ,edema, crepitus, bullae and followed by subcutaneous gas are the symptoms of Fournier gangrene. Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus and malignancy and obesity are very near to this desease

 DIAGNOSIS OF THIS DESEASE  ARE :-

 1 . Radiography

2 .  MRI ( Magnetic Resonance Imaging) 

3 .  CT  scan ( computed Tomography) 

4 . Ultrasound

5 . Blood sample - Tests the bacterial infections. 

Example :- If number of WBC count increases then there may be persistent of the disease. Because we all know that the WBC is the fighting agents in our blood. Means if WBC increases then pathogens might have attacked.

 6 . Arteriogram  ( In this method doctors Injects a dye into the blood and will take the x - ray to check the blood flow and blocked arteries. 

TREATMENTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF this diseases:-

1 . The ultimate treatment of this desease is surgery. Means removal of the debrided  of the necrotic tissues. 

2 .  Early Surgical treatment is the key to get ride from THIS DISEASE. Example :- Fournier gangrene. 

3 . Early symptoms should early treatment. Example :- If black or red color appears on the limb areas, then without any late, person should go to the doctor. Especially diabetic patients. 

4 . Avoid smoking.

 5.  If there is frostbite, then it should be treated early.

 6 . Antibiotics. Such as penicillin and Flucloxacillin etc. 

7 . Amputations ( cutting of the organs/limbs)

PREVENTION of  disease

1 . Healthy foods

2 . Maintaining body weight

3 . Maintain blood sugar levels

4 . Take care of wounds

5 . If there is frostbite, go to the doctor because it will block the blood flow, therefore keep the body warm.